ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœืชื™ื™ืจื™ื

ื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ืชื

ื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื”

ื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข: ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื

ื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืงืฉืจ ืขืžื•ืง ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชื. ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืœืœื•, ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ื‘ืคืืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ื•ืฉืœื•ื•ื”. ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืžื”ื ื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ืžืงื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืขืœ ื ืคืฉ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื›ืืœื”.

ื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืžืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื

ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ

ืœื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขืฉื™ืจื”, ื”ืžื•ืฉืจืฉืช ื‘ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืงื“ื, ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœืžืชื ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื•ื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ื”ื ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื•ื˜ืงืกื™ื. ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืกืชื’ืœื• ืœืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.

ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ

ื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžืคื™ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื ื™ื“ื—ื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ืขืžืงื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื. ื”ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืืงืœื™ื, ื•ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื. ืœึฐื“ื•ึผื’ืžึธื”:

  • ื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื
  • ื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื™ื ื’ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืจื•ืงื•
  • ื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกืื“ืืœ ื‘ื™ืจื“ืŸ
  • ื ืก ื”ื˜ื‘ืข - ืžืฉื›ื ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื” ื‘ื ืคืืœ
  • ืื’ื ื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืงืงื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืคืจื•

ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื

ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข

ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ืชืขืžืง ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”. ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืคืœื˜ ืœืจืคืœืงืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉื™. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉืœื•, ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžืชื— ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช.

ืื™ื•ืจ ืœืžื“ื•ืจ: ื”ืขืฉืจื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช - ื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ

ื”ืขืฉืจื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกืชื ื—ื•ืคืฉื”, ืืœื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจื•ื—ื ื™. ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ืœื™ื ืงืฉืจื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ืขื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชื ืขื ืจืžื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช. ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื–ื• ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืคืชื— ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืฆืžืš.

ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ

ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ

ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืชื•ืงืคื ื™ืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื. ืœืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช.

ืžื™ืงื•ืžื™ื ืœื ืกื™ืขื•ืช

ืœื”ืœืŸ 5 ื ื•ื•ื” ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืชื™ื™ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื”ื:

  • ืกื™ื•ื•ื” ืื•ืื–ื™ืก, ืžืฆืจื™ื
  • ื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื™ื ื’ื”ื™ืจ, ืžืจื•ืงื•
  • ืื•ืื–ื™ืก ืกืื“ืืœ, ื™ืจื“ืŸ
  • ืื’ื ื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืงืงื”, ืคืจื•
  • ืฉืžื•ืจืช ืงื™ื ื’ืก, ื˜ืกืžื ื™ื”

ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ: ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื•ื”ืืงืœื™ื, ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื•ืœืงืจื•ื ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.

ืžึทืกึฐืงึธื ึธื”

ื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ืงืกื ื•ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื, ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืฉืงื˜ ื ืคืฉื™ ื•ืงืฉืจื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืืชื” ืœื ืจืง ืžืขืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœืš, ืืœื ื’ื ืžืžืœื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ืš ื‘ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”. ื—ืงื•ืจ ื ื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืชืŸ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœืš.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”